Characterization of the Chemical Profile of Euphorbia Species from Turkey by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and Liquid Chromatography–Ion Trap–Time-of-Flight–Mass Spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS) and Chemometric Analysis†

The Euphorbiaceae family comprises of about 300 genera and 5000 species primarily distributed in America and tropical Africa. The Euphorbia genus is represented by 105 species and locally named as “Sütle?en” and “Xa?îl” in Turkey. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of E. aleppica, E. eriophora, E. macroclada, E. grisophylla, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata, E. falcata, and E. fistulosa, and classify them by utilizing the chemometric techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Linoleic acid, 17-tetratriacontane, palmitic acid, and hexatriacontane were the major fatty acids from the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Characterization of 268 constituents of the studied species was achieved by liquid chromatography–ion trap–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS). Furthermore, a new liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 11 compounds (quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, rutin, hesperidin, eugenol, p-coumaric acid, piceatannol, scopoletin, dl-kavain, chrysophanic acid, and resiniferatoxin) in these species. The developed method was validated for the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, and recovery.     

Investigation of therapeutic efficiency of phenytoin (PHT) labeled with radioactive 131I in the cancer cell lines

The aim of this study is to determine the incorporations of PHT radiolabeled with ¹³¹I (¹³¹I-PHT) on U-87 MG, Daoy and A549 cancerous cell lines. For this, cold and radio-labeling studies were carried out. The radio-labeling yield of ¹³¹I-PHT was obtained about 95 %. Subsequently, cell culture studies were carried out and radio-labeling yields of ¹³¹I, ¹³¹I-PHT on U-87 MG, Daoy and A549 cancerous cells were investigated. Cell culture studies demonstrated that the incorporation values of ¹³¹I-PHT on the three cell lines decreased with increasing radioactivity. Consequently, ¹³¹I-PHT may be a good radiopharmaceutical for targeting radionuclide therapy of Central Nervous System Tumors.     

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of a Novel Schiff Base Oligomer with a Double Azomethine Group and its Co(II) and Mn(II) Complexes

Schiff base oligomer of N,N′‐bis (2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene) 1,2‐phenylenediamine (DHBPDA), with a double azomethine group, was synthesized from the oxidative polycondensation (OP) reaction with NaOCl as an oxidant in an aqueous alkaline medium at 90°C. About 75% DHBPDA was converted to O‐DHBPDA. The structures of the products were studied by UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR and elemental analysis. According to Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis of O‐DHBPDA, the number average molecular weight (M_n), weight average molecular weight (M_w) and PDI values were found to be 4328 g mol^?1, 6228 g mol^?1 and 1.43, respectively. TG/DTA analyses were shown to be stable of O‐DHBPDA against thermo‐oxidative decomposition. During the polycondensation reaction, a part of the azomethine (‐CH?N‐) groups oxidized to aldehyde (CHO) group (10–12%). Oligomer‐metal complexes of oligo‐N,N′‐bis (2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene) 1,2‐phenylenediamine (O‐DHBPDA) with Co(II) and Mn(II) were synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, TG‐DTA and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The residue of DHBPDA, O‐DHBPDA, O‐DHBPDA‐Co and O‐DHBPDA‐Mn were found to be 0%, 3.65%, 11.67%, and 9.20%, respectively at 1000°C.     

Thin-layer drying characteristics of sweet potato slices and mathematical modelling

The effect of blanching and drying temperature (50, 60 and 70°C) on drying kinetics and rehydration ratio of sweet potatoes was investigated. It was observed that both the drying temperature and blanching affected the drying time and rehydration ratio. The logarithmic model showed the best fit to experimental drying data. The values of effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy ranged from 9.32 × 10⁻¹¹ to 1.75 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²/s, and 22.7–23.2 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Synthesis and Screening Antimicrobial Activities of Novel 1,3-Diaryl-3- (Phenylthio)Propan-1-One Derivatives

Abstract

In this study, a series of novel β-mercapto carbonyl derivatives (3a–j) was prepared by addition of thiophenol (2) to chalcones (1a–j) in the presence of catalytic amount of iodine (10 mol%) in CH₂Cl₂. Antibacterial and antifungal in vitro properties of the synthesized compounds were tested against some human pathogenic microorganisms by employing the disk diffusion technique. For the most active compounds, also minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

The role of 60Co γ-ray irradiation on the interface states and series resistance in MIS structures

The effect of γ-ray exposure on the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures has been investigated using the electrical characteristics at room temperature. The MIS structures are irradiated with ⁶⁰Co γ-ray source. The energy distribution of interface states was determined from the forward bias I–V characteristics by taking into account the bias dependence of the effective barrier height and ideality factor. The value of series resistance decreases with increasing dose. Experimental results confirmed that γ-ray irradiation have a significant effect on electrical characteristics of MIS structures.     

Tauberian theorems for statistically (C, 1, 1) summable double sequences

Positivity - In this paper, we obtain some Tauberian conditions in terms of slow oscillation and slow decreasing in certain senses, under which convergence of a double sequence in...     

Gold nanoparticle included graphene oxide modified electrode: Picomole detection of metal ions in seawater by stripping voltammetry

We obtained a gold nanomaterial/graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode and characterized it using transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. A response of the electrode using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry for Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ was found linear in the range from 1 × 10^–7 to 1 × 10^–11 M. The detection limits of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ were 0.14, 0.5 and 1.2 pM, respectively. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in seawater samples from a coastal region of Anatolia, and the results corresponded well with the values obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy.     

Numerical investigation of the solution of Fisher's equation via the B‐spline Galerkin method

The Galerkin method is used with quadratic B‐spline base functions to obtain the numerical solutions of Fisher's equation which is a one dimensional reaction‐diffusion equation. To observe the effects of reaction and diffusion, four test problems related to pulse disturbance, step disturbance, super‐speed wave and strong reaction are studied. A comparison is performed between the obtained numerical results and some earlier studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010     

The Novel N,S-Substituted Halonitrodienes from the Reactions of Thiosubstituted Nitrodiene with Piperazine and Morpholine

The substituted 1,2-dibromomethanethio nitrodiene 2 was obtained from the addition of bromine to S-substituted nitrodien 1 in carbon tetrachloride. N, S-substituted compounds 4a–h were synthesized from the reactions of compound 2 with several substituted piperazine derivatives 3a–h in dichloromethane. N, S-substituted compounds 6 and 8 were synthesized from the reaction of 2 with morpholine ( 5 ) and thiomorpholine ( 7 ) in dichloromethane, respectively. Dibutadienyl piperazines 10 , 12 , and 14 were synthesized from the reactions of 2 with homopiperazine ( 9 ), piperazine ( 11 ), and 2,5-dimethylpiperazine ( 13 ), respectively.